Introduction to Liberty Square: Praça da Liberdade is located in the San Ildefonso Parish of the Lower City and is the most important square in Porto. In 1866, an equestrian statue of Pedro IV created by French sculptor Anatole Calmels was erected in the middle of the square. After 1916, the modern Avenida dos Aliados was built on the north side of the square, and the surrounding buildings were mostly occupied by banks, hotels, restaurants and offices.