Introduction to the Market Square: The Market Square is the central square of the Old Town of Heidelberg. It is the oldest part of Heidelberg and is named after the market located here. It is surrounded by townhouses on the north and south sides, and on the east side are the Town Hall (Rathaus) and the Holy Spirit Church (Heiliggeistkirche). In the center of the square is the Fountain of Hercules, built between 1705 and 1709, reflecting the great efforts to rebuild after the devastation of the Grand Alliance War. During the winter, the Market Square often serves as the venue for the Heidelberg Christmas Market.